نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سعید خرسندی پیشکناری ¹
• جواد محرابی ²
• علی داوری ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران

² عضو هیئت علمی، گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران

³ عضو هیئت علمی، گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: در شرایط تحریم بر لزوم حرکت از اقتصاد سنتی به دانش بنیان و توسعه آن‌ها تاکید فراوانی شده است. یکی از رویکردهایی که  این توسعه‌‌ را تسهیل می‌سازد داشتن رویکرد کارآفرینانه است.پژوهش حاضر در راستای ارائه‌ی الگوی توسعه کسب و کارهای دانش بنیان در شرایط تحریم با رویکرد کارآفرینانه با بهره‌گیری از استراتژی فراترکیب و رهیافت سیستماتیک داده بنیاد انجام شده است.
روش کار: رویکرد پژوهش حاضر کیفی و پارادایم آن نیز تفسیرگرا می‌باشد. در سبد تحلیل پژوهش با استفاده از فرآیند غربال‌گری اسناد 33 مطالعه در قالب 76 کد اولیه و 11 مقوله کدگذاری و خلاصه سازی شده‌اند. در نهایت این مقولات در قالب شرایط علی، پدیده اصلی، استراتژی‌ها، شرایط زمینه‌ای، شرایط مداخله گر و پیامدها، دسته بندی شدند. در فاز کنترل کیفیت اسناد مقدار پایایی این کدها بر اساس ضریب کاپا 0.758 بدست آمد و سپس کدها با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون دسته بندی شدند. در نهایت پس از طی هفت گام اصلی پژوهش نتایج و پیشنهادات پژوهش ارائه گردید.
نتایج: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که توسعه کسب و کار دربرگیرنده توسعه محیطی، توسعه اجتماعی، توسعه اقتصادی و توسعه بازار می باشد. همچنین عوامل مؤثر بر توسعه به دو دسته عوامل داخلی و خارجی تقسیم بندی شده اند که عوامل داخلی شامل قابلیت پویایی نوآوری، تیزهوشی کسب و کار، انتقال فناوری، تکنولوژی های نوظهور، تلاش های تحقیق و توسعه، قدرت تأمین کنندگی، شرایط سرمایه گذاری و رویکردی است و عوامل خارجی دربرگیرنده نسبت سرمایه گذاری به تولید ناخالص داخلی، آزادی اقتصادی، ثبات سیاسی و فقدان خشونت، قوانین و مقررات دولتی، اندازه دولت، خط مشی های دولتی و مشوق های مالیاتی می باشد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان می دهد که توسعه کسب و کار دربرگیرنده توسعه محیطی، توسعه اجتماعی، توسعه اقتصادی و توسعه بازار می باشد که توسعه کسب و کارها نقش مهمی را در فرآیند دگرگونی و تحول بازار رو به گسترش در دنیای مدرن امروزی بازی می کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• توسعه
• کسب و کارهای دانش بنیان
• تحریم
• رویکرد کارآفرینانه
• فراترکیب

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing a Knowledge-Based Business Development Model in the Condition of Sanctions with Entrepreneurial Approach: A mete-synthesis Study

نویسندگان [English]

• Saeed Khorsandi Pishkenari ¹
• Javad Mehrabi ²
• Ali Davari ³

¹ PhD Student, Department of Entrepreneurship, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

² Faculty member, Department of Public Administration, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

³ Faculty Member, Department of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: In sanction situation, moving from traditional economy to knowledge based economy and the development of businesses has been emphasized. One of the approaches that facilitates this development is entrepreneurial orientation. The aim of this study is to providing e model for developing knowledge-based businesses in the context of sanctions with entrepreneurial orientation, using meta-synthesis and systematic grounded theory strategy.
Method: The approach of present study is qualitative and the paradigm is interpretive. In research analysis portfolio, using document screening processes, 33 studied were coded and summarized in the form of 76 initial coded and 11 categories. Finally, these categories are classified into casual conditions, main phenomena, strategies, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and consequences. In quality control phase, the reliability of these codes is obtained based on kappa coefficient of 0.758 and then the codes are classified using Shannon entropy method. Finally, after 7 main steps of research, the results and suggestions are presented.
Findings: The results of this research show that business development includes environmental development, social development, economic development and market development. Also, the factors affecting development are divided into two categories of internal and external factors, which internal factors include innovation dynamics, business acumen, technology transfer, emerging technologies, research and development efforts, supply power, investment and approach conditions, and Externalities include the ratio of investment to GDP, economic freedom, political stability and absence of violence, government laws and regulations, government size, government policies, and tax incentives.
Conclusion: The results of this research show that business development includes environmental development, social development, economic development and market development, and business development plays an important role in the process of transformation and transformation of the expanding market in today's modern world.
 
Designing a Knowledge-Based Business Development Model in the Condition of Sanctions with Entrepreneurial Approach: A mete-synthesis Study
 
Introduction: In sanction situation, moving from traditional economy to knowledge-based economy and the development of businesses has been emphasized. One of the approaches that facilitates this development is entrepreneurial orientation. Business development means increasing the quantity and quality of a company's transactions. This development can be done horizontally or vertically. For example, a company can expand its product distribution or service area to new areas by adopting geographic development strategies or turn to vertical development by purchasing and integrating its suppliers or distributors. Also, if the company has high technical and marketing ability, it can expand its product portfolio and develop the range of goods and services provided. In other words, business development can be summarized as ideas, initiatives and activities aimed at improving business, including increasing revenue, growth in terms of business expansion, increasing profitability through strategic partnerships and strategic decision making. It is about business. The aim of this study is to providing e model for developing knowledge-based businesses in the context of sanctions with entrepreneurial orientation, using meta-synthesis and systematic grounded theory strategy.
Materials and methods: Taking into account the nature of the research problem that the researcher seeks to solve, the current research is placed in the category of interpretive research in terms of philosophical default and seeks to describe and interpret a phenomenon called the development of knowledge-based companies under sanctions with an entrepreneurial approach. Also, the strategy or design of the current research is to solve the problem of meta-combination and data base. In the meta-combination strategy, the researcher with a systematic and systematic review of the research literature and using the seven steps proposed by Sandlovski and Barroso (2007) seeks to identify the components. Also, the presentation of the current research model is based on the systematic approach of foundation data suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Since strategy, meta composition deals with qualitative studies and their in-depth interpretation and analysis due to deeper understanding, the current research is in the category of qualitative research in terms of approach. In addition, it should be noted that the present research has used checklist tools (to collect texts from documents), focus interview (to complete coding and data analysis) and questionnaire (to rank codes). The analysis of the research data has been done by coding and summarizing in the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. In this research, ethical standards including obtaining informed consent, guaranteeing privacy and confidentiality were observed. Also, at the time of completing the questionnaires, while emphasizing on completing all the questions, the participants were free to withdraw from the research at any time and provide personal information, and they were assured that the information would remain confidential and this was fully respected.
Results and discussion: The approach of present study is qualitative and the paradigm is interpretive. In research analysis portfolio, using document screening processes, 33 studied were coded and summarized in the form of 76 initial coded and 11 categories. Finally, these categories are classified into casual conditions, main phenomena, strategies, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and consequences. In quality control phase, the reliability of these codes is obtained based on kappa coefficient of 0.758 and then the codes are classified using Shannon entropy method. Finally after 7 main steps of research, the results and suggestions are presented.
Conclusion: Factors affecting development in the current research are divided into two categories: internal and external factors. In general, the internal factors affecting the development of knowledge-based companies in the conditions of sanctions include innovation dynamics, business acumen, technology transfer, emerging technologies, research and development efforts, supply power, investment conditions, and the approach that business takes in It adopts its own development. These factors originate from within the business itself. On the other hand, external factors affecting the development of knowledge-based companies in the conditions of sanctions, including the ratio of investment to GDP, economic freedom, judicial structure and security of property rights, access to sound money, financial market rules and labor and trade market credits, stability Political and lack of violence are government laws and regulations, government size, government policies, and tax incentives. Most of these factors include policies and policies that the government adopts for the development of businesses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Development
• Knowledge-based businesses
• Sanctions
• Entrepreneurial approach
• Meta-synthesis