نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی صنعتی و سازمانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر پیش بینی پیشرفت تحصیلی از طریق تفاوت جنسیتی با توجه به نقش واسطه ای اشکال در تنظیم هیجانی بود. شرکت کنندگان پژوهش 356 دانشجوی (177 دختر و 179 پسر) دانشکده های مختلف در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز بوده اند که به شیوه ی تصادفی طبقه ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش حاضر مقیاس مشکلات در نظم بخشی هیجانی (DERS) می‌باشد. در تحلیل یافته های پژوهش از روش آماری همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد و برای انجام تحلیل مسیر از رگرسیون چندگانه به صورت سلسله مراتبی همزمان مطابق با مراحل بارون و کنی (1986) استفاده شد. علاوه بر مراحل مذکور برای بررسی برازندگی نتایج مدل تحلیل مسیر پژوهش از نرم افزار لیزرل (ویرایش 5/8) استفاده شد. یافته های پژوهش بیانگر وجود تفاوت جنسیتی در پیشرفت تحصیلی و مشکلات در نظم بخشی هیجانی به نفع جنس مؤنث می باشد. نقش واسطه ای مشکلات در نظم بخشی هیجانی در پیش بینی پیشرفت تحصیلی بر اساس تفاوت جنسیتی تأیید شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Investigation of the difficulty' Meditational Role in Emotional regulation to Predict Academic Achievement through Sexual Differences among MA Students at Shiraz University

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Sharifi Ardani 1
  • Davood Hayati 2
  • Alireza Rouhi 3

1 MA in educational psychology, University of Allame Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 MA in industrial and organizational psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran

3 MA in educational psychology, University of Allame Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

aim of this study was to investigate the meditational role of problems of emotional adjustment in predicting academic achievement through sexual differences. Participants included 356 MA students (177 female and 179 male) from different faculties of Shiraz University who were chosen by stratified random sampling method. Research instrument was Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. difficulties scale in emotion regulation( Data analyzing was done by Pearson correlation coefficient and to calculate path analysis, multiple regression based on Baron and Kenny’s (1986) steps and LISREL software (Ver. 8.5) were used too. Results showed that there was a difference between genders in academic achievement and difficulties in emotional regulation behalf of females. Moreover, the meditational role of difficulties in emotional regulation was confirmed to predict academic achievement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sexual Differences
  • Difficulties in Emotional Regulation
  • Academic Achievement
  • Students
Ames, C 1990. Motivation: What teachers need to know? Teachers College Record, No.91, Pp.409-421.
Azizi, A, Mirzaei, A , Shams, J 2010. An investigation of the relationship betwee
turbulence and emotional regulation with students dependency to smoking, J Hakim
Res, Vol.13, NO.1, Pp.11-18.
Baron, RM, Kenny, DA 1986. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, J Pers Soc Psychol, No. 51, Pp.1173-1182.
Barrett, LF, Robin, L, Pietromonaco, PR , et al 1998. Are women the ‘more
motional’ sex? Evidence from emotional experiences in social context, Cognition &
Emotion, NO.12, Pp.555–578.
Belk, SS, Snell, WE 1986. Beliefs about women: Components and correlates, Pers
Soc Psychol Bull, NO.12, Pp.403–413.
Bentham, S 2005. educational psychology, translated by Esmaeil Biabangard, Tehran,
Roshd pub. (Persian).
Birnbaum, D, Nosanchuk, T, Croll, W 1980. Children’s stereotypes about sex
differences in emotionality, Sex Roles, NO.6, Pp.435–443.
Bourdon, KH, Boyd, JH, Rae, DS, et al 1988. Gender differences in phobias: Results of the ECA community survey, J Anxiety Disord, NO. 2, Pp. 227–241.
Bradley, MM, Codispoti, M, Sabatinelli, D 2001. Emotion and motivation. II: Sex differences in picture processing. Emotion, NO.1, Pp.300–319.
Briton, N, Hall, J 1995. Beliefs about female and male nonverbal communication. Sex Roles, NO. 32, Pp.79–90.
Brody, LR 1997. Gender and emotion:
Beyond stereotypes. J Soc Issues, NO.53, Pp.369–393.
Brody, LR, Muderrisoglu, S, Nakash-Eisikovits, O 2002. Emotions, defenses, and
gender. In R Bornstein & J Masling (Eds.),
The Psychodynamics of Gender and Gender
Roles: Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories, NO.10, Pp.203-249. Washington, D.C: APA Books.
Catanzaro, SJ , Mearns, J 1990. Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood
regulation: Initial scale development and implications, J Pers Assess, NO.54, Pp.546– 63.
Cole, P.M, Michel, MK, Teti, L.O 1994. The development of emotion regulation and
dysregulation: A clinical perspective. In NA Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion
regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, 59, (2–3, Serial No. 240), Pp. 73–100.
Cole, P.M, Martin, S.E, Dennis, T.A 2004. Emotion regulation as a scientific
construct: Challenges and directions for child development research, Child Dev, NO. 75, Pp.317-333.
Cramer, P 2002. The study of defense mechanisms: Gender implications. In RF
Bornstein & JM Masling (Eds.), The psychodynamics of gender and gender role (Pp.81–128). Washington, DC: Am Psychol Asso.
Dodge, K.A 1991a. Emotion and social information processing. In J Garber & KA
Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (Pp. 159–181). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Fabes, R.A, Martin, C.L 1991. Gender and age stereotypes of emotionality, Pers Soc
Psychol Bull, NO.17, Pp.532–540.
Feldman Barrett L, Lane RD, Sechrest L & Schwartz GE 2000, Sex differences in
emotional awareness, Pers Soc Psychol Bull, NO.26, Pp.1027–1035.
Fischer, A.H 1993. Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype? Fem Psychol, NO.3,Pp.303–318.
Fischer, A.H 2000. Gender and emotion: Social psychological perspectives. New
York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Fujita, F, Diener, E, Sandvik, E 1991.Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: The case for emotional intensity, J Pers Soc Psychol, NO.61,Pp. 427–434.
Gratz, KL, Roemer, L 2004. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and deregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, J Psychopathol Behave Assess, NO.26, Pp.41–54.
Gross, J.J 1998. The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review, Rev Gen Psychol, No.2, Pp.271–299.
Gross, J.J 2007. Handbook of emotion regulation, New York: Guilford.
Gross, J.J, John, O.P 2003. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and wellbeing, J Pers Soc Psychol, No.85, Pp.348–362.
Gross, J.J, Levenson, R.W 1997. Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting positive and negative emotions, J Abnorm
Psychol, NO.106, Pp.95–103.
Gross, J.J, Richards, J.M, John, O.P 2006. Emotion regulation in everyday life. In DK Snyder, JA Simpson & JN Hughes (Eds.) Pp: 13-35. Emotion regulation in families: Pathways to dysfunction and health, Washington DC: Am Psychol Ass.
Grossman, M, Wood, W 1993. Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation. J Pers Soc Psychol, No.65, Pp.1010_1022.
Gutmann, D 1987. Reclaimed powers: The new psychology of men and women in later life. New York: Basic Books.
Hayes, A.M 1996. Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: A study of unique and common factors, J Consult Clin Psychol, No.64, Pp.497–504.
Hess, U, Senécal, S, Kirouac, G, et al 2000. Emotional expressivity in men and women: Stereotypes and self-perceptions, Cognition & Emotion, NO.14, Pp.609–642.
Johnson, J.T, Shulman, G.A 1988. More alike than meets the eye: Perceived gender differences in subjective experience and its display, Sex Roles, NO.19, Pp.67–79.
Labouvie-Vief, G, Lumley, M.A, Jain, E, et al 2003. Age and gender differences in cardiac reactivity and subjective emotion responses to emotional autobiographical memories, Emotion, NO.3, Pp.115–126.
LaFrance, M, Banaji, M 1992. Toward a reconsideration of the gender-emotion relationship. In MS Clark Ed. Emotion and social behavior. Pp: 178–201, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lounsbury, J.W, Steel, R.P, Loveland, J.M, et al 2004. An investigation of personality traits in relation to adolescent school absenteeism, J Youth Adolesc, NO.33, Pp.457-466.
Lucas, R.E, Gohm, C.L 2000. Age and sex differences in subjective well-being across cultures. In E Diener & EM Suh Eds. Culture and subjective well-being Pp. 291–318, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Matsumoto, D, Takeuchi, S, Andayani, S, et al 1998. The contribution of individualism vs. collectivism to cross-national differences in display rules, Asi J Soc Psychol, NO.1, Pp.147–165.
Niedenthal, P.M, Barsalou, L.W, Winkielman, P, et al 2005. Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion, Pers Soc Psychol Rev. NO.9, Pp.184- 211.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S, Jackson, B, 2001. Mediators of the gender difference in rumination, Psychol Women Q, NO.25, Pp.37–47.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S, Morrow, J, Fredrickson, B.L 1993. Response styles and the duration of episodes of depressed mood, J Abnorm Psychol, NO.102, Pp.20–28.
Ochsner, K.N, Gross, J.J 2005. The cognitive control of emotion, Trends Cogn Sci, NO.9, Pp. 242.
Ochsner, K.N, Bunge, S.A, Gross, J.J, et al 2002. Rethinking feelings: An fMR study of the cognitive regulation of emotion, J Cogn Neurosci, NO.14, Pp.1215-1299.
Plant, E.A, Hyde, J.S, Keltner, D, et al 2000. The gender stereotyping of emotions, Psychol Women Q, NO.24, Pp.81–92.
Rastegar Khaled, A 2010. Sexual differences in motivation and academic achievement, women strate stud, Vol.13, NO.2, Pp.86-108. (Persian).
Reijntjes, A, Stegge, H, Terwogt, M.M,et al 2006. Emotion regulation and its effects on
mood improvement in response to an in vivo peer rejection challenge, Emotion, NO.6, Pp.543-552.
Richards, J.M, Gross, J.J 2000. Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool, J Per Soc Psychol, NO.79, Pp.410–424.
Robinson, M.D, Johnson, J.T, Shields, S.A 1998. The gender heuristic and the database: Factors affecting the perception of gender related differences in the experience and display of emotions, Basic Appl Soc Psych, NO.20, Pp.206–219.
Rusting, C, Nolen-Hoeksema, S 1998. Regulating responses to anger: Effects of rumination and distraction on angry mood, J Per Soc Psychol, NO.74, Pp.790-803.
Saarni, C 1990. Emotional competence: How emotions and relationships become integrated. In RA Thompson Ed. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 36. Socioemotional development Pp.115– 182. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Seidlitz, L, Diener, E 1998. Sex differences in the recall of affective experiences, J Per Soc Psychol, NO.74, Pp. 262–271.
harifi Ardani, A 2011. Predicting academic achievement based on decision and goal orientation among MA students of Shiraz University, MA thesis in Shiraz University. (Persian).
Sheard, M 2009. Hardiness Commitment gender, and age differentiate university academic performance, Br J Edu psychol, NO.79, Pp.235– 262.
Shields, S.A 2003. Speaking from the heart: Gender and the social meaning of emotion, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Shokri, O, Daneshvarpoor, Z, Askari, A 2008. Sexual differences in academic achievement: the role of personality traits, J Beh Sci, Vol.2, No.2, Pp.127-142. (Persian).
Thayer, R.E, Newman, J.R, McClain, T.M 1994. Self-regulation of mood: Strategies for changing a bad mood, raising energy, and reducing tension, J Per Soc Psychol, NO.67, Pp.910–925.
Thompson, R 1994. Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. In N Fox Ed. The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations, Monogr Soc Res Child Dev, NO.59, Pp.2–3, Serial 240.
Timmers, M, Fischer, A, Manstead, A 2003. Ability versus vulnerability: Beliefs about men’s and women’s emotional behavior, Cognition & Emotion, NO.17, Pp.41–63.
Tyson, D.F, Linnenbrink-Garcia, L, Hill, N.E 2009. Regulating Debilitating Emotions in the Context of Performance: Achievement Goal Orientations, Achievement-Elicited Emotions, and Socialization Contexts, Hum Dev; NO.52, Pp.329–356.
Tyson, D.F, Linnenbrink, E.A 2006. Investigating a self-regulatory model of achievement goals: The role of emotion regulation, affect, and cognition. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 2006, New Orleans, LA.
Wager, T.D, Phan, K.L, Liberzon, I, et al 2003. Valence, gender, and lateralization of functional brain anatomy in emotion: A meta-analysis of findings from neuroimaging, Neuro Image, NO.19, Pp.513–531.
Zeman, J, Shipman, K.L 1998. The socialization of children’s negative affect: A functionalist perspective, J Nonverb Beh, NO.22,Pp. 141–166.