Objective: Despite the widespread use of journal clubs in academic and clinical education, a clear and standardized framework for their effective implementation is still lacking. This study aimed to review the methods of conducting journal clubs, examine their benefits and challenges, and provide recommendations for improving the quality of these sessions.
Methods: This narrative review was conducted by searching relevant articles in the PubMed, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 1980 to 2023. Initially, 101 articles were retrieved; after screening titles and abstracts, 55 relevant articles were selected for full-text review and qualitative analysis. Data were analyzed through a comprehensive review and thematic synthesis.
Findings: Journal clubs offer numerous benefits, including training in critical appraisal, evaluating the quality of literature and evidence, promoting evidence-based practices, fostering lifelong learning, developing presentation and leadership skills, expanding professional networks both locally and internationally, and shaping research roadmaps. The successful implementation of a journal club depends on several key factors that should be addressed before, during, and after the sessions.
Conclusion: There is no single, ideal framework for conducting journal clubs. Therefore, the most effective approach should be determined through regular written feedback and tailored to the educational goals and specific needs of the participants to encourage active engagement. Continuous evaluation and refinement of journal club programs are essential for their ongoing improvement.