نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

2 عضو هیات علمی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.

3 عضو هیات علمی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران.

4 عضو هیات علمی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مهاباد، ایران.

10.22118/edc.2022.321370.1977

چکیده

مقدمه: اجرای بهینۀ مهارت های حرکتی در حوزه پزشکی برای ارائه دهندگان خدمات سلامت ضروری است. بنابراین، شناسایی و درک مولفه ها و شرایطی که می توانند بر اجرای بهینۀ مهارتهای حرکتی پزشکی موثر باشند، مفید خواهد بود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تمرکز توجه بیرونی و انتظارات افزوده­شده بر روی یادگیری یک مهارت حرکتی در حوزه پزشکی بود.
روش کار: پژوهشجامعه پژوهش شامل 80 دانشجوی پزشکی در مرحله پیش بالینی بودند که به­طور تصادفی به چهار گروه تمرکز توجه بیرونی، تمرکز توجه درونی، بازخورد مقایسه ای-اجتماعی، و کنترل تقسیم شدند. تکلیف حرکتی شامل بخیه­زدن عمودی بود. پس از پیش آزمون، همه شرکت­کنندگان پنج روز مهارت بخیه زدن را تمرین کردند، که در طی آن از گروه تمرکز توجه بیرونی خواسته شد که در حین اجرای مهارت بر روی سوزن و محل پارگی و از گروه تمرکز توجه درونی خواسته شد که برروی انگشتان و دست خود تمرکز کنند. گروه بازخورد مقایسه ای-اجتماعی در پایان هر روز تمرینی بازخورد مثبت دریافت کردند. آزمون یادداری یک هفته پس از مرحله اکتساب اجرا شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که گروه تمرکز توجه بیرونی و گروه بازخورد مقایسه ای-اجتماعی بهترین عملکرد را نسبت به سایر گروه­ها در مرحله اکتساب و آزمون یادداری داشتندبعلاوه، بازخورد مقایسه ای-اجتماعی باعث بهبود سطح خودکارآمدی شد.
نتیجه گیریی: یافته­های پژوهش حاضر از نظریه اپتیمال حمایت می­کند و نشان می­دهد که مولفه­های تمرکز توجه بیرونی و انتظارات افزوده­شده می­توانند در بهینه­سازی عملکرد و یادگیری مهارتهای حرکتی در حوزه پزشکی موثر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Enhanced Expectancies and External Focus of Attention on Learning a Medical Motor Skill

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Dana 1
  • Mir Hamid Salehian 2
  • Abolfazl Neshati 3
  • Sima Mokari Saei 4

1 Faculty Member, Department of Physical Education, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Faculty Member, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

3 Faculty Member, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran.

4 Faculty Member, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of enhanced expectancies and external focus of attention on learning a medical motor skill.
Method: Participants included 80 medical students in the preclinical phase and were randomly divided into four groups: external focus, internal focus, social-comparative feedback, and control group. The motor task included vertical suturing. After the pretest, all participants practiced suturing for five days. During the training phase, the external focus group was told to focus at the rupture site on the mannequin while performing the skill, while the internal focus group was told to focus on the fingers. The social-comparative feedback group received positive feedback at the end of each day and were told that they performed better than the previous day. The control group did not receive any feedback or instructions. The retention test was performed one week after the acquisition stage. Suturing quality, self-efficacy, and focus of attention were measured as dependent variables.
 
Findings: The findings of the present study supported the optimal theory and showed the components of external focus of attention and enhanced expectancies can be effective in optimizing performance and learning motor skills in the field of medicine.
Conclusion: The results showed that the external attention focus group had the best performance compared to the other groups in the acquisition phase and retention test;   and also, the social-comparative feedback group performed better than the control group. In addition, social-comparative feedback improved the level of self-efficacy. Finally, the instruction for external focus of attention led participants to focus on the goal of the motor task while performing the skill.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Suturing
  • OPTIMAL theory
  • medical education
  • motivation
  • motor learning
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