Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the citizenship education system in the management of future smart cities in Tehran Municipality.
Method: The method of this research is applied and exploratory. The method of data collection is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and the tools of data collection are interviews with experts using the Delphi method and questionnaires. Then, through the implementation of the questionnaire, the data analysis in the qualitative part using the theory of data and among the existing approaches of the systematic type of Estras and Corbin has been used. In the quantitative part, the collected data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS and Smart PLS software.
Findings: The results showed the components: altruism, work conscience, chivalry, socio-political behavior, behavior based on religious and national teachings, environment and sustainable development and finally smart governance with their indicators, dimensions, components and indicators of citizenship education in the management of future smart cities was accepted in Tehran Municipality.
Conclusion: From the summary of the factors, dimensions and components of the citizenship education system model in the management of future cities in Tehran municipality, 5 factors were proposed with high priority. These factors are: first priority: politeness and consideration component (factor load 0.955); Second priority: the spirit of participation component (factor load 0.951); Third priority: legalism component (factor load 0.934); the fourth priority: the civil behavior component (0.907 coefficient) and the fifth priority.
Identifying the dimensions, components and indicators of citizenship education in the management of future smart cities using the factor analysis method (F.A)
Purpose: Citizenship education is one of the basic pillars of social life in the present era and is considered one of the foundations of sustainable urban development. The most important concern that has drawn the attention of experts and urban planners to the concept of sustainable urban development is the reality of the rapid growth of urbanization in the world today and its continuation in the future, on the one hand, and the astonishing growth of megacities and its harmful consequences for the residents of these areas. (Rahmanei and Pormusovi 2015) This increasing urbanization and the occurrence of numerous economic, social and environmental problems and the inefficiency of urban development management and control methods to solve the aforementioned problems and bottlenecks are all factors that have caused the emergence of disorderly and unstable cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the citizenship education system in the management of future smart cities in Tehran Municipality.
Materials and methods: The method of this research is applied and exploratory. The method of data collection is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and the tools of data collection are interviews with experts using the Delphi method and questionnaires. Then, through the implementation of the questionnaire, the data analysis in the qualitative part using the theory of data and among the existing approaches of the systematic type of Estras and Corbin has been used. In the quantitative part, the collected data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential ways through SPSS and Smart PLS software. In this research, descriptive statistics including frequency, frequency percentage, frequency distribution table, drawing graphs, as well as describing the characteristics of the respondents to the questionnaire were used to describe the data, and the data was analyzed in the inferential analysis using the factor analysis method. The obtained results show that the alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire is 97%, which shows that the used tool has good reliability. The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by the professors.
Statistical community and sample size
Qualitative part: Sampling is purposefully selected. Therefore, after semi-structured interviews with focus groups, qualitative data on the effective dimensions identified with 20 senior managers and experts were identified and extracted. The selection of a research sample in qualitative research is of non-probability and purposeful type. In the current research, after the repetition and re-identification of the components that took place in the interviews, the results were repeated to ensure the frequency of the findings, and another supplementary interview was also conducted for more assurance. In the main phase of the qualitative research, which uses the focus group method, at first, 9 experts were involved in the focus group discussion, but because sufficient concepts were not extracted based on the experts' opinions, for this purpose, the number of interviewees was gradually reduced to 12 in order to achieve theoretical saturation. People increased.
Quantitative part: Sampling has been done through the successive distribution of researcher-made questionnaires and its collection, revision and modification. Therefore, the statistical community in the quantitative part of this research was the general manager, vice president and deputies of Tehran Municipality, which totals 173 people. Based on the Cochran formula and according to the statistical population, the sample size with the error value (d) equal to 0.05, the sample size is 119 people from the managing directors, vice-presidents and deputies of Tehran municipality participated in this research.
Findings: The results showed the components: altruism, work conscience, chivalry, civil behavior, politeness and consideration, legalism, cooperative spirit, responsibility, self-confidence, socio-political behavior, behavior based on religious and national teachings, environment and development. Sustainable and finally smart governance with their indicators was accepted under the title of dimensions, components and indicators of citizenship education in the management of future smart cities in Tehran Municipality.
Conclusion: From the summary of the factors, dimensions and components of the citizenship education system model in the management of future cities in Tehran municipality, 5 factors were proposed with high priority. These factors are: first priority: politeness and consideration component (factor load 0.955); Second priority: the spirit of participation component (factor load 0.951); Third priority: legalism component (factor load 0.934); the fourth priority: the civil behavior component (0.907 coefficient) and the fifth priority: the responsibility component (0.904 coefficient). Model fit indices in factor analysis confirm the model fit. Therefore, considering the extensive global interactions and the need for a kind of global outlook, the necessity and need for planning to strengthen the skills of citizenship education in order to face the sustainable smart cities of the future as an important category can have a special place in the curriculum of citizenship education to educate global citizenship. Also, the content of the program can be adjusted according to the desired goals derived from the need. Content, as the most important element, should be given special attention; in this context, a coherent planning should be done to develop and design the content of the global citizenship education curriculum in future/sustainable cities, and the teacher should adjust some of his actions based on these factors. Also, the role of the teacher in the action and reaction with the intervening factors, and of course, according to the appropriate platforms, will lead to positive consequences in the results of the program, such as the development of knowledge, skill and attitude components.